Bishnupur is a famous municipality in the Bankura District of West Bengal and located at about 132 km from Kolkata. It is famous for its terracotta temples and Baluchari sarees. The town has a glorious past that is reflected in its rich architecture, music and handicrafts. It prospered in the 17th and early 18th centuries under the rule of a line of Hindu Rajas of the Malla dynasty. Bishnupur developed a unique form of architecture and has perhaps the most brilliant and detailed terracotta work in Eastern India that has withstood the ravages of time. The Terracotta tiles depict stories from Ramayana and Mahabharata. The Temples like the Shyam Ray Temple, the twin shrines of Jorbangla and the Rasmancha are a must visit.
Bishnupur is also known for its traditional handloom sarees, pottery, artifacts and jewellery made of terracotta, and the School of Hindustani Music which flourished under royal patronage along with the Bishnupur School of Painting. This style of music is still being kept alive in local academies of music. The history of Bishnupur can be traced back to 694 A.D, when King Raghunath founded the Malla dynasty. However, it was much later in 994 A.D that the place was named Bishnupur. The name Bishnupur is derived from the name of the Hindu God Vishnu. In addition to sightseeing and shopping, the classical dance and music festival called Bishnupur Mela hosted by the city every year is an experience that one should not miss.
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By Air: The nearest airport to Bankura is Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International airport.
By Train: There is regular train service to Bankura from other major cities of West Bengal.
By Road: Bankura is well connected to Kolkata by bus service.
With the burnt clay bricks, the architects of Bengal created a new type of craft, popularly known as ‘Terracota’. During the seventeenth century, the art of terracotta reached its highest peak. Raja Jagat Malla and his descendants built several temples made of terracotta and stone art. One can experience the magnificent art of terracotta across several temples in Bishnupur like Rasmancha, Jor Bangla temple, Shyam rai temple, and Madan Mohan temple. The terracotta works recount innumerable stories from history and Indian mythology. The terracotta art in the temples depict the scenes from Ramayana and Mahabharata, the life and exploits of Krishna, and stories from Vishnupurana. Apart from temples, diverse types of potteries are made from terracotta. The typical manufacturing style for terracotta potteries involve use of finely refined clay to give a proper shape of a pottery.
Bishnupur is also very famous for Baluchari silk saree. These are special types of silk sarees which has intricate weaving in the pallu and borders. With the amazing weaving skill, the artists showcase the mythological stories from Ramayana and Mahabharata in these sarees. Often rich in colors, these sarees come with a natural shine and glossy look. These sarees are made from pure or authentic form of silk.
The tribal people of Bishnupur known as ‘Dokra Damar’ practiced this special form of art, ‘Dokra Metal Casting’. The core material of this crafting technique is clay over which wax coating is applied. After the wax coating, the models are applied with clay paste coating. Several objects have been prepared from this technique like religious symbols, jewelry, cutlery, bells. Many women prefer to wear dokra jewelry and this art has become a surviving legacy of Bishnupur.
In the later part of the eighteenth century, when different music Gharanas were becoming popular, the ‘Dhrupad’ style thrived among the musicians of Bishnupur. The Seni Gharan’s influence on Bishnupuri Gharana was enormous. The famous Dhrupad Singer Bahadur Khan, who is the descendant of Tansen, reached Bishnupur and made his Gharana popular. Some famous singers are still representing Bishnupuri Gharana which was the prestigious past of West Bengal. The classical dance and music festival called Bishnupur Mela hosted by the city every year is an experience that one should not miss.
Jhumur folk song is an ancient musical form that belongs to the red soiled regions on the western frontier of West Bengal- Purulia, Bankura, Bardhaman and Birbhum. Jhumur melodies and move are popular among local artisan communities and tribal's like Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Kharia, Birharh tribes. Jhumur is known for its lyrical and literary significance because of the use of ancient language. Different Jhumur tunes are sung throughout the year based on the season. For example, Chaitali is sung within the month of Chaitra (spring) and Bhaduria is sung within the month of Bhadra.
Baul and Fakirs, also referred as the wandering minstrels and mystics of Bengal are known through their enchanting and enigmatic songs to express their spiritual beliefs. The districts of Murshidabad, Nadia, Bankura, Bardhaman, Birbhum are traditionally the principal centers of Baul Fakir culture. Their singing is accompanied by a musical instrument called ‘ektara’. Elements of Sufi and Vaishnav philosophy primarily combine their belief system. This Baul song has become quite popular and has received national recognition as well.
Santhali dance is one of the popular folk dances of West Bengal. Santhali dances mostly revolve around religious celebrations of the Santhali community, who have a dance for almost every occasion. They have harvest dance which is known as ‘Sohrai’; and they have ‘Dasai’ dance which is performed before Durga puja. This dance form reflects the beauty of the folk culture of West Bengal. Different musical instruments like Madol, Flute, Dhamsa, Jhanj, Kartal have been accompanied with this traditional dance form.
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